Clinical Radiology
Volume 64, Issue 12 , Pages 1146-1157 , December 2009

Imaging assessment of penetrating craniocerebral and spinal trauma

  • C. Offiah

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationGuarantor and correspondent: C. Offiah, Department of Neuroradiology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts and The London NHS Trust, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK. Tel.: +44 207 377 7000x14 2456; fax: +44 207 377 7165.
    • ,
  • S. Twigg

Received 10 April 2009 ,Revised 16 June 2009 ,Accepted 26 June 2009.

References 

  1. In:  Nicholas S,  Kershaw C,  Walker A editor. Crime in England and Wales 2007/08. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 7/08. London: Home Office; 2008;
  2. In:  Lockhart G,  McClory J,  Qvortrup M editor. Gun and knife crime in Great Britain 2006/07. Policy Exchange Research Notes 9/07. London: Policy Exchange; 2007;
  3. Brogdon BG, Vogel H, McDowell JD. A radiologic atlas of abuse, torture, terrorism and inflicted trauma. Boca Raton. FL: CRC Press; 2003;
  4. Messmer JM, Flerro MF. Radiologic forensic investigation of fatal gunshot wounds. RadioGraphics. 1986;6:457–473
  5. Dirnhofer R, Jackowski C, Vock P, et al. Invasive, imaging-guided virtual autopsy. Radiographics. 2006;26:1305–1333
  6. Jandial R, Reichwage B, Levy M, et al. Ballistics for the neurosurgeon. Neurosurgery. 2008;62:472–480
  7. Denton JS, Segovia A, Filkins JA. Practical pathology of gunshot wounds. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006;130:1283–1289
  8. Hollerman JJ, Fackler ML, Coldwell DM, et al. Gunshot wounds: 1. Bullets, ballistics and mechanisms of injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;155:685–690
  9. Powers DB, Bailey Robertson O. Ten common myths of ballistic injuries. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2005;17:251–259
  10. Ozkan U, Kemaloglu MS, Ozates M, et al. Analysis of 107 civilian craniocerebral gunshot wounds. Neurosurg Rev. 2002;25:231–236
  11. Harvey EN, Korr IM, Oster G, et al. Secondary damage in wounding due to pressure changes accompanying the passage of high velocity missiles. Surgery. 1947;21:218–239
  12. Carey ME. Experimental missile wounding of the brain. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1995;6:629–642
  13. Kim PE, Go JL, Zee C. Radiographic assessment of cranial gunshot wounds. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002;12:229–248
  14. Harcke HT, Levy AD, Getz JM, et al. MDCT analysis of projectile injury in forensic investigation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:W106–W111
  15. Kirkpatrick JB, Di Maio V. Civilian gunshot wounds of the brain. J Neurosurg. 1978;49:185–198
  16. Rosenfeld JV. Gunshot injury to the head and spine. J Clin Neurosci. 2002;9:9–16
  17. Levy AD, Abbott RM, Mallak CT, et al. Virtual autopsy: preliminary experience in high-velocity gunshot wound victims. Radiology. 2006;240:522–528
  18. Thali MJ, Yen K, Vock P, et al. Image-guided virtual autopsy findings of gunshot victims performed with multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequent correlation between radiology and autopsy findings. Forensic Sci Int. 2003;138:8–16
  19. Hollerman JJ, Fackler ML, Coldwell DM, et al. Gunshot wounds: 2. Radiology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;155:691–702
  20. Pruitt BA. Neuroimaging in the management of penetrating brain injury. J Trauma. 2001;51:S7–S11
  21. Pruitt BA. Vascular complications of penetrating brain injury. J Trauma. 2001;51:S26–S28
  22. Aarabi B. Management of traumatic aneurysms caused by high-velocity missile head wounds. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1995;6:775–797
  23. Quatrehomme G, Iscan MY. Gunshot wounds to the skull: comparison of entries and exits. Forensic Sci Int. 1998;94:141–146
  24. Oehmichen M, Meissner C, Konig HG, et al. Gunshot injuries to the head and brain caused by low-velocity handguns and rifles — a review. Forensic Sci Int. 2004;146:111–120
  25. Quatrehomme G, Iscan MY. Bevelling in exit gunshot wounds in bones. Forensic Sci Int. 1997;89:93–101
  26. Quatrehomme G, Iscan MY. Characteristics of gunshot wounds in the skull. J Forensic Sci. 1999;44:568–576
  27. Shoung HM, Sichez JP, Pertuiset B. The early prognosis of craniocerebral gunshot wounds in civilian practice as an aid to the choice of treatment. A series of 56 cases studied by computerized tomography. Acta Neurochir. 1985;74:27–30
  28. Haddad FS, Haddad GF, Taha J. Traumatic intracranial aneurysms caused by missiles: their presentation and management. Neurosurgery. 1991;28:1–7
  29. Levy ML, Rezai A, Masri LS, et al. The significance of subarachnoid haemorrhage after penetrating craniocerebral injury: correlations with angiography and outcome in a civilian population. Neurosurgery. 1993;32:532–540
  30. Bakir A, Temiz C, Umur S, et al. High-velocity gunshot wounds to the head: analysis of 135 patients. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2005;45:281–287
  31. Kim T, Lee J, Moon K, et al. Penetrating gunshot injuries to the brain. J Trauma. 2007;62:1446–1451
  32. Tsai FY, Huprich JE, Gardner FC, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic implications of computed tomography of head trauma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1978;2:323–331
  33. DesChamps GT, Morano JU. Intracranial bullet migration — a sign of brain abscess: case report. J Trauma. 1991;31:293–295
  34. Milhorat T, Elowitz EH, Johnson RW, et al. Spontaneous movement of bullets in the brain. Neurosurgery. 1993;32:140–143
  35. Kocak A, Ozer MH. Intracranial migrating bullet. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2004;25:246–250
  36. Pruitt BA. Surgical management of penetrating brain injury. J Trauma. 2001;51:S16–S25
  37. Aarabi B, Taghipour M, Alibaii E, et al. Central nervous system infections after military missile head wounds. Neurosurgery. 1998;42:500–509
  38. Aarabi B. Comparative study of bacteriological contamination between primary and secondary exploration of missile head wounds. Neurosurgery. 1987;20:610–616
  39. Gonul E, Erdogan E, Tasar M, et al. Penetrating orbitocranial gunshot injuries. Surg Neurol. 2005;63:24–31
  40. Exadaktylos AK, Stettbacher A, Bautz PC. The value of protocol-driven CT scanning in stab wounds to the head. Am J Emerg Med. 2002;20:295–297
  41. Mohan AL, Slim M, Benzil DL. Knife wound to the posterior fossa in a child. Childs Nerv Syst. 2005;21:255–258
  42. Lesieur O, Verrier V, Lequeux B, et al. Retained knife blade: an unusual cause for headache following massive alcohol intake. Emerg Med J. 2006;23:e13
  43. Tutton MG, Chitnavis B, Stell IM. Screwdriver assaults and intracranial injuries. Emerg Med J. 2000;17:225–226
  44. Kitchel SH. Current treatment of gunshot wounds to the spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;408:115–119
  45. Bono CM, Heary RF. Gunshot wounds to the spine. Spine J. 2004;4:230–240
  46. Moyed S, Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, et al. MR imaging of penetrating spinal trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173:1387–1391
  47. Grogan D, Bucholz R. Acute lead intoxication from a bullet in an intervertebral disc space. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63A:1180–1182
  48. Lee KH, Lin JS, Pallotroni HF, et al. An unusual case of penetrating injury to the spine resulting in cauda equina syndrome: case presentation a review of the literature. Spine. 2007;32:E290–E293
  49. Gellad FE, Paul KS, Geisler FH. Early sequelae of gunshot wounds to the spine: radiological diagnosis. Radiology. 1988;167:523–526
  50. Cagavi F, Kalayci M, Seckiner I, et al. Migration of a bullet in the spinal canal. J Clin Neurosci. 2007;14:74–76
  51. Alkan A, Baysal T, Sarac K, et al. Early MRI findings in stab wound of the cervical spine: two case reports. Neuroradiology. 2002;44:64–66
  52. Peacock WJ, Shrosbree RD, Key AG. A review of 450 stab wounds of the spinal cord. S Afr Med J. 1977;51:961–964
  53. Gulamhuseinwala N, Terris J. Evolving presentation of spinal canal penetrating injury. Injury. 2004;35:948–949
  54. Tokushige J, Inokuchi A, Kawaguchi H. Impalement injuries involving the spinal canal. J Orthop Sci. 2000;5:614–617
  55. Pal D, Timothy J, Marks P. Penetrating spinal injury with wooden fragments causing cauda equine syndrome: case report and literature review. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(Suppl. 5):S574–S577

PII: S0009-9260(09)00238-4

doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.06.004

Clinical Radiology
Volume 64, Issue 12 , Pages 1146-1157 , December 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution