Clinical Radiology
Volume 64, Issue 1 , Pages 74-83 , January 2009

Susceptibility weighted imaging: a new tool in magnetic resonance imaging of stroke

Received 18 February 2008 ,Revised 17 April 2008 ,Accepted 29 April 2008.

References 

  1. Haacke EM, Xu Y, Cheng YC, et al. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med. 2004;52:612–618
  2. Reichenbach JR, Venkatesan R, Schillinger DJ, et al. Small vessels in the human brain: MR venography with deoxyhemoglobin as an intrinsic contrast agent. Radiology. 1997;204:272–277
  3. Rauscher A, Sedlacik J, Barth M, et al. Magnetic susceptibility-weighted MR phase imaging of the human brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:736–742
  4. Tong KA, Ashwal S, Holshouser BA, et al. Hemorrhagic shearing lesions in children and adolescents with posttraumatic diffuse axonal injury: improved detection and initial results. Radiology. 2003;227:332–339
  5. Thamburaj K, Radhakrishnan VV, Thomas B, et al. Intratumoral microhemorrhages on T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging helps differentiate vestibular schwannoma from meningioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007 Dec 13;
  6. Thomas B, Somasundaram S, Thamburaj K, et al. Clinical applications of susceptibility weighted MR imaging of the brain — a pictorial review. Neuroradiology. 2008;50:105–116
  7. Tan IL, van Schijndel RA, Pouwels PJ, et al. MR venography of multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1039–1042
  8. Yamada N, Imakita S, Sakuma T, et al. Intracranial calcification on gradient-echo phase image: depiction of diamagnetic susceptibility. Radiology. 1996;198:171–178
  9. Seghal V, Delproposto Z, Haacke EM, et al. Clinical applications of neuroimaging with susceptibility-weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;22:439–450
  10. Bradley WG. MR appearance of hemorrhage in the brain. Radiology. 1993;189:15–26
  11. Patel MR, Edelman RR, Warach S. Detection of hyperacute primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage by magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke. 1996;27:2321–2334
  12. Linfante I, Llinas RH, Caplan LR, et al. MRI features of intracerebral hemorrhage within 2 hours from symptom onset. Stroke. 1999;30:2263–2267
  13. Chalela JA, Kidwell CS, Nentwich LM, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in emergency assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke: a prospective comparison. Lancet. 2007;369:293–298
  14. Fiebach JB, Schelinger PD, Geletneky K, et al. MRI in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage; findings with a standardized protocol. Neuroradiology. 2004;46:44–48
  15. Moulin T, Crepin Leblond T, Chopard JL, et al. Hemorrhagic infarcts. Eur Neurol. 1993;34:64–77
  16. Nighoghossian N, Hermier M, Adeleine P, et al. Old microbleeds are a potential risk factor for cerebral bleeding after ischemic stroke. A gradient-echo T2*-weighted brain MRI study. Stroke. 2002;33:735–742
  17. Hermier H, Nighoghossian N. Contribution of susceptibility-weighted imaging to acute stroke assessment. Stroke. 2004;35:1989–1994
  18. Hermier M, Nighoghossian N, Derex L, et al. Hypointense transcerebral veins at T2*-weighted MRI: a marker of hemorrhagic transformation risk in patients treated by intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003;23:1362–1370
  19. Schellinger P, Fiebach JB, Hacke W. Imaging-based decision making in thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. Present status. Stroke. 2003;34:575–583
  20. Rovira A, Orellana P, Alvarez-Sabín J, et al. Hyperacute ischemic stroke: middle cerebral artery susceptibility sign at echo-planar gradient-echo MR imaging. Radiology. 2004;232:466–473
  21. Kase CS, Furlan AJ, Wechsler LR, et al. Cerebral hemorrhage after intra-arterial thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: the PROACT II trial. Neurology. 2001;57:1603–1610
  22. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Villablanca JP, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: an emerging application. Stroke. 2002;33:95–98
  23. Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, et al. Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:637–642
  24. Derex L, Nighoghossian N, Hermier M, et al. Thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in patients with old microbleeds on pretreatment MRI. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004;17:238–241
  25. Kidwell CS, Alger JR, Saver JL. Beyond mismatch: evolving paradigms in imaging the ischemic penumbra with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke. 2003;34:2729–2735
  26. Geisler BS, Brandhoff F, Fiehler J, et al. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent MRI allows metabolic description of tissue at risk in acute stroke patients. Stroke. 2006;37:1778–1784
  27. Tong KA, Ashwal S, Obenaus A, et al. Susceptibility-weighted MR imaging: a review of clinical applications in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:9–17
  28. Liebeskind DS, Ances BM, Welgele JB, et al. Intravascular deoxygenation of leptomeningeal collaterals detected with gradient-echo MRI. Stroke. 2004;35:266
  29. Cakmak S, Hermier M, Montavont A, et al. T2*-weighted MRI in cortical venous thrombosis. Neurology. 2004;63:1698
  30. Idbaih A, Boukobza M, Crassard I, et al. MRI of clot in cerebral venous thrombosis: high diagnostic value of susceptibility-weighted images. Stroke. 2006;37:991–995
  31. Selim M, Fink J, Linfante I, et al. Diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis with echo-planar T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:1021–1026
  32. Kesavadas C, Thomas B, Misra S, Saini J. Attenuation of cerebral veins in susceptibility-weighted mr imaging performed with the patient under general anesthesia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Mar 27;[Epub ahead of print]
  33. Klein I, Iung B, Wolff M, et al. Silent T2* cerebral microbleeds: a potential new imaging clue in infective endocarditis. Neurology. 2007;68:2043
  34. Won Seo S, Hwa Lee B, Kim EJ, et al. Clinical significance of microbleeds in subcortical vascular dementia. Stroke. 2007;38:1949–1951
  35. Dichgans M, Holtmannspötter M, Herzog J, et al. Cerebral microbleeds in CADASIL: a gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging and autopsy study. Stroke. 2002;33:67–71
  36. Greenberg SM, Finklestein SP, Schaefer PW. Petechial hemorrhages accompanying lobar hemorrhage: detection by gradient-echo MRI. Neurology. 1996;46:1751–1754
  37. Linn J, Herms J, Dichgans M. Subarachnoid hemosiderosis and superficial cortical hemosiderosis in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:184–186
  38. Ay H, Sahin G, Saatci I, et al. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system and silent cortical hemorrhages. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23:1561–1563
  39. Lee BCP, Vo KD, Kido DK, et al. MR high-resolution blood oxygenation level-dependent venography of occult (low-flow) vascular lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:1239–1242
  40. Peltier J, Toussaint P, Desenclos C, et al. Cerebral venous angioma of the pons complicated by nonhemorrhagic infarction. J Neurosurg. 2004;101:690–693
  41. Chao CP, Zaleski CG, Patton AC. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: multimodality imaging findings. RadioGraphics. 2006;26(Suppl. 1):S159–S172
  42. Counsell SJ, Rutherford MA, Cowan FM, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging preterm brain injury. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003;88:F269–F274

☆ This paper was presented as a scientific exhibit at the RSNA 2007 meeting at Chicago and was awarded Certificate of Merit.

PII: S0009-9260(08)00265-1

doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2008.04.022

Clinical Radiology
Volume 64, Issue 1 , Pages 74-83 , January 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution