Clinical Radiology
Volume 63, Issue 3 , Pages 278-288 , March 2008

Absorbed radiation dose of the female breast during diagnostic multidetector chest CT and dose reduction with a tungsten–antimony composite breast shield: preliminary results

Received 5 April 2007 ,Revised 25 June 2007 ,Accepted 1 July 2007.

References 

  1. Nationwide Evaluation of X-Ray Trends (NEXT) . 1992 Mammography x-ray data, 1994 P/A chest x-ray data, and 1995 abdomen and LS spine x-ray data. Available from: http://www.crcpd.org[accessed 12. 2000]
  2. Nickoloff EL, Alderson PO. Radiation exposures to patients from CT: reality, public perception, and policy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177:285–287
  3. Lee CI, Haims AH, Monico EP, et al. Diagnostic CT scans: assessment of patient, physician, and radiologist awareness of radiation dose and possible risks. Radiology. 2004;231:393–398
  4. Jacob K, Vivian G, Steel JR. X-ray dose training: are we exposed to enough?. Clin Radiol. 2004;59:928–934
  5. Renston JP, Connors AF, DiMarco AF. Survey of physicians' attitudes about the risks and benefits of chest CT computed tomography. South Med J. 1996;89:1067–1073
  6. Kalra MK, Maher MM, Saini S. CT radiation exposure: rationale for concern and strategies for dose reduction. In: Proceedings from the SCBT/MR. August 2003;p. 45–54On-line supplement to Applied Radiology [accessed 03.2007].
  7. Fox SH, Toth TL. Dose reduction opportunities for CT scanners. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32:261–267
  8. Itoh S, Koyama S, Ikeda M, et al. Further reduction of radiation dose in helical CT for lung cancer screening using small tube current and a newly designed filter. J Thorac Imaging. 2001;16:81–88
  9. Hopper KD, King SH, Lobell ME, et al. The breast: in-plane x-ray protection during diagnostic thoracic CT—shielding with bismuth radioprotective garments. Radiology. 1997;205:853–858
  10. Hopper KD, Neuman JD, King SH, et al. Radioprotection of the eye during CT scanning. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22:1194–1198
  11. Fricke BL, Donnelly LF, Frush DP, et al. In-plane bismuth breast shields for pediatric CT: effects on radiation dose and image quality using experimental and clinical data. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:407–411
  12. McLaughlin DJ, Mooney RB. Dose reduction to radiosensitive tissues in CT. Do commercially available shields meet the users' needs?. Clin Radiol. 2004;59:446–450
  13. Dromi S, Wood BJ, Oberoi J, et al. Heavy metal pad shielding during fluoroscopic interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006;17:1201–1207
  14. Hammerstein GR, Miller DW, White DR, et al. Absorbed radiation dose in mammography. Radiology. 1979;130:485–491
  15. McLean D. Breast composition and radiographic breast equivalence. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 1997;20:11–19
  16. Hurwitz LM, Yoshizumi TT, Reiman RE, et al. Radiation dose to the female breast from 16-MDCT body protocols. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186:1718–1722
  17. Hamberg LM, Rhea JT, Hunter GJ, et al. Multi-detector row CT: radiation dose characteristics. Radiology. 2003;226:762–772
  18. Mahesh M, Scatarige JC, Cooper J, et al. Dose and pitch relationship for a particular multislice CT scanner. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177:1273–1275
  19. Yoshizumi TT, Nelson RC. Radiation issues with multi-detector row helical CT. Crit Rev Comput Tomogr. 2003;44:95–117
  20. Curry TS, Dowdey JE, Murry RC. Computed tomography. In: Christensen's physics of diagnostic radiology. 4th ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1990;p. 289–322
  21. Parker MS, Hui FK, Camacho MA, et al. Female breast radiation exposure during CT pulmonary angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185:1228–1233
  22. van der Bruggen-Bogaarts BAHA, Broerse JJ, Lammers JWJ, et al. Radiation exposure in standard and high-resolution chest CT scans. Chest. 1995;107:113–115
  23. Shope TB, Gagne RM, Johnson GC. A method for describing the doses delivered by transmission x-ray computed tomography. Med Phys. 1981;8:488–495
  24. Mayo JR, Aldrich J, Muller NL. Radiation exposure at chest CT: a statement of the Fleischner society. Radiology. 2003;228:15–21
  25. Milne ENC. Breast: the forgotten organ. Radiology. 2004;233:937–938
  26. Milne ENC. Dosage to the breast during CT of the thorax. Fleischner Society—34th Annual Conference on Chest Disease, 20–22 May 2004, Orlando, FL, USA.
  27. ACR practice guideline for the performance of screening mammography. Reston, Virgina: American college of Radiology; 1999. p. 217–25.
  28. Diederich S, Lenzen H. Radiation exposure associated with imaging of the chest: comparison of different radiographic and computed tomography techniques. Cancer. 2000;89(Suppl. 11):2457–2460
  29. McCollough CH, Liu HH. Breast dose during electron-beam CT: measurement with film dosimetry. Radiology. 1995;196:153–157
  30. Trigaux JP, Lacrosse M. Radiation exposure and computed tomography. Rev Mal Respir. 1999;16:127–136
  31. Milne ENC. Female breast radiation exposure. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186:E24
  32. Medical X-rays added to government's carcinogen list. RSNA News Letter. 2005;15:9–10
  33. Parker MS, Chung JK, Fatouros PP, et al. Reduction of radiation dose to the female breast: preliminary data with a custom-designed tungsten–antimony composite breast shield. J Appl Res. 2006;6:230–239
  34. Rehani MM, Bongartz G, Kalender W, et al. Managing X-ray dose in computed tomography. IRCP Special task force report. Ann ICRP. 2000;30:7–45
  35. International Commission on Radiological Protection . Radiation and your patient: a guide for medical practitioners. A web module produced by Committee 3 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection New York: Pergamon Press; 2001;
  36. International Commission on Radiological Protection . Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (Publication 60). Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1991;
  37. Maher MM, Kalra MK, Toth TL, et al. Application of rational practice and technical advances for optimizing radiation dose for chest CT. J Thorac Imaging. 2004;19:16–23
  38. Andrieu N, Easton DF, Chang-Claude J, et al. Effect of chest x-rays on the risk of breast cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the international BRCA1/2 carrier cohort study: a report from the EMBRACE, GENEPSO, GEO-HEBON, and IBCCS collaborators' group. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3361–3366
  39. Preston DL, Mattsson A, Holmberg E, et al. Radiat Res. 2002;158:220–235
  40. Tokunaga M, Land CE, Tokuoka S, et al. Incidence of female breast cancer among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1960–1985. Radiat Res. 1994;138:209–223
  41. Land CE, Tokunaga M, Koyama K, et al. Incidence of female breast cancer among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950–1990. Radiat Res. 2003;160:707–717
  42. Antoniou A, Pharoah PD, Narod S, et al. Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2003;72:1117–1130
  43. F & L Medical Products. http://www.fandlmedicalproducts.com/attenurad_shields06.pdf[accessed 03.2007].
  44. MarkeTech International Inc. Tungsten engineered materials. http://www.mkt-intl.com/tungsten/tungsten.html [accessed 03.2007].
  45. Los Alamos National Laboratory; Chemistry. Antimony. http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/51.html [accessed 03.2007].

PII: S0009-9260(07)00430-8

doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2007.07.029

Clinical Radiology
Volume 63, Issue 3 , Pages 278-288 , March 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution