« Previous
Next »
Clinical Radiology
Volume 62, Issue 6
, Pages 507-517
, June 2007
Dose reduction in paediatric MDCT: general principles
References
- . CT scanner dosimetry. Br J Radiol. 1998;71:1–3
- CT scanning: patterns of use and dose. J Radiol Prot. 2000;20:353–359
- . Musings at the beginning of the hyper-CT era. Abdom Imaging. 2003;28:110–114
- . National conference on dose reduction in CT, with an emphasis on pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181:321–329
- CT scanning: a major source of radiation exposure. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2002;23:402–410
- The value of ultrafast computed tomography in the investigation of pediatric chest disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1998;26:389–395
- Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:289–296
- . Review of radiation issues for computed tomography. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2004;25:17–24
- . Radiation dose in computed tomography of the chest. JBR-BTR. 2004;87:281–288
- . How do radiographic techniques affect image quality and patient doses in CT?. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2002;23:411–422
- Strategies for CT radiation dose optimization. Radiology. 2004;230:619–628
- . Dose and image quality in CT. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32:709–713
- . 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 60 Oxford: Pergamon; 1991;
- Radiation effective doses to patients undergoing abdominal CT examinations. Radiology. 1999;210:645–650
- . Effective doses to patients undergoing thoracic computed tomography examinations. Med Phys. 2000;27:838–844
- Radiation doses to infants and adults undergoing head CT examinations. Med Phys. 2001;28:393–399
- . Influence of patient size on organ doses in diagnostic radiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 1992;43:241–243
- . Monte Carlo calculated effective dose to teenage girls from computed tomography examinations. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2000;90:445–448
- . Effective dose in paediatric computed tomography. Phys Med Biol. 2002;47:107–115
- Influence of patient age on normalized effective doses calculated for CT examinations. Br J Radiol. 2002;75:819–830
- . Reference doses for paediatric computed tomography. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2000;90:249–252
- Estimates of cancer risks from pediatric CT radiation are not merely theoretical: comment on “Point/counterpoint: in x-ray computed tomography, technique factors should be selected appropriate to patient size. Against the proposition” (Med Phys 2001;28:1543–1545). Med Phys. 2001;28:2387–2388
- . Real-time CT and CT fluoroscopy. Br J Radiol. 2001;74:1088–1099
- Radiation-induced temporary hair loss as a radiation damage only occurring in patients who had the combination of MDCT and DSA. Eur Radiol. 2005;15:41–46
- . Cancer risks from low-level radiation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:1137–1143
- Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. Report 12, part 1. Cancer: 1950–1990. Radiat Res. 1996;146:1–27
- . Radiation-related cancer risks at low doses among atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Res. 2000;154:178–186
- Studies of mortality of atomic bomb survivors. Report 13: solid cancer and non-cancer disease mortality: 1950–1997. Radiat Res. 2003;160:381–407
- . Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. Available at: http://www.nap.edu2005;(Accessed 2 September 2005)
- National Cancer Institute. Radiation risks and pediatric computed tomography (CT): a guide for health care providers. http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/causes/radiation-risks-pediatric-CT (Accessed 27 October, 2005).
- . X-ray dose training: are we exposed to enough?. Clin Radiol. 2004;59:928–934
- Diagnostic CT scans: assessment of patient, physician, and radiologist awareness of radiation dose and possible risks. Radiology. 2004;231:393–398
- . The ALARA concept in pediatric CT: myth or reality?. Radiology. 2002;223:5–6
- . Helical CT of the body: are settings adjusted for pediatric patients?. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:297–301
- Radiation from “extra” images acquired with abdominal and/or pelvic CT: effect of automatic tube current modulation. Radiology. 2004;232:409–414
- The breast: in-plane x-ray protection during diagnostic thoracic CT – shielding with bismuth radioprotective garments. Radiology. 1997;205:853–858
- Valutazione dell'efficacia di una protezione in Bismuto durante esami TC. La Radiol Med. 2004;108:560–568
- Efficacy of breast shielding during CT of the head. Eur Radiol. 2003;13:2436–2440
- In-plane bismuth breast shields for pediatric CT: effects on radiation dose and image quality using experimental and clinical data. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:407–411
- Radiation dose reduction to the male gonads during MDCT: the effectiveness of a lead shield. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:128–130
- . Radiosensitive tissues can be shielded during CT scanning. BMJ. 2000;321:49–50
- Helical CT of the body: survey of pediatric techniques. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:401–406
- . CT doses in children: a multicentre study. Br J Radiol. 2003;76:803–811
- Improved pediatric multidetector body CT using a size-based color-coded format. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178:721–726
- Minimizing radiation dose for pediatric body applications of single-detector helical CT: strategies at a large children's hospital. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:303–306
- . Low-dose chest CT: optimizing radiation protection for patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183:809–816
- Effect of reduction in tube current on reader confidence in paediatric computed tomography. Clin Radiol. 2005;60:224–231
- Reduced radiation dose helical chest CT: effect on reader evaluation of structures and lungs findings. Radiology. 2004;232:749–756
- Multiplanar and 3D imaging of the central airways: comparison of image quality and radiation dose of single-detector row CT and multi-detector row CT at differing tube currents in dogs. Radiology. 2003;228:107–111
- Low-dose high-resolution CT of the chest in children and young adults: dose, cooperation, artefact incidence, and image quality. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175:985–992
- Standard-dose and 50%-reduced-dose chest CT: comparing the effect on image quality. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:461–465
- Individually adapted examination protocols for reduction of radiation exposure in chest CT. Invest Radiol. 2001;36:604–611
- . Low-tube-current multidetector CT for children with suspected extrinsic airway compression. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:1523–1527
- Radiation exposure and image quality in chest CT examinations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177:279–284
- . Radiation dose reduction in pediatric CT. Pediatr Radiol. 1986;16:53–54
- Assessment of image quality of a standard and two dose-reducing protocols in paediatric pelvic CT. Pediatr Radiol. 2003;33:177–182
- Clinical comparison of standard-dose and 50% reduced-dose abdominal CT: effect on image quality. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:1101–1106
- Abdominal spiral CT in children: which radiation exposure is required?. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:2262–2266
- CT of the head by reduced current and kilovoltage: relationship between image quality and dose reduction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1654–1660
- Low-dose CT of the paranasal sinuses with eye lens protection: effect on image quality and radiation dose. Eur Radiol. 2002;12:1693–1696
- Comparison of effective doses for low-dose MDCT and radiographic examination of sinuses in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:1611–1618
- . Multi-detector row CT angiography of the brain at various kilovoltage settings. Radiology. 2004;231:528–535
- . Low-dose dental computed tomography: significant dose reduction without loss of image quality. Acta Radiol. 2004;8:847–853
- . Computed tomography and radiation risks: what pediatric health care providers should know. Pediatr. 2003;112:951–957
- Patient dose reduction in CT examinations by optimizing scanogram acquisition. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2001;93:173–178
- . Reducing radiation exposure from survey CT scans. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;509–515
- Computer-simulated radiation dose reduction for abdominal multidetector CT of pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:1107–1113
- Simulation of liver lesions for pediatric CT. Radiology. 2006;238:699–705
- . Technique factors and image quality as functions of patient weight at abdominal CT. Radiology. 2000;217:430–435
- . Patient dose in multislice CT: why is it increasing and does it matter?. Br J Radiol. 2004;77:S10–S13
- . Dose reduction on GE CT scanners. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32:718–723
- . Dose reduction for CT pediatric imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32:724–728
- . Dose optimization in pediatric CT: current technology and future innovations. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32:729–734
- . Radiation dose from Toshiba CT scanners. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32:735–737
- Sixteen-detector row CT of abdomen and pelvis: study for optimization of z-axis modulation technique performed in 153 patients. Radiology. 2004;233:241–249
- Comparison of z-axis automatic tube current modulation technique with fixed tube current CT scanning of abdomen and pelvis. Radiology. 2004;232:347–353
- Dose reduction in computed tomography by attenuation-based on-line modulation of tube current: evaluation of six anatomical regions. Eur Radiol. 2000;10:391–394
- Multi-detector row spiral CT angiography of the thoracic outlet: dose reduction with anatomically adapted online tube current modulation and preset dose savings. Radiology. 2004;230:116–124
- Dose reduction in multislice computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2005;29:140–146
- Dose reduction in CT examination of children by an attenuation-based on-line modulation of tube current (CARE dose). Eur Radiol. 2002;12:1571–1576
- Usefulness of a method for changing tube current during helical scanning in multislice CT. Radiat Med. 2003;21:193–204
- Dose reduction in subsecond multislice spiral CT examination of children by online tube current modulation. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:995–999
- . Can noise reduction filters improve low-radiation-dose chest CT images? Pilot study. Radiology. 2003;228:257–264
- Simulated dose reduction in conventional chest CT: validation study. Radiology. 1997;202:453–457
- . Ionizing radiation and cancer risks: evidence from epidemiology. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32:232–237
- Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1059). London: HMSO; 2000;
PII: S0009-9260(07)00014-1
doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.12.004
© 2007 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Clinical Radiology
Volume 62, Issue 6
, Pages 507-517
, June 2007
